ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯐꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ ?

ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯐꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯕꯂꯗꯥ, "ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ"ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯕꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯔ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯄꯔꯁꯣꯅꯦꯜ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯕꯦꯖ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯡ-ꯇꯥꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯑꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯁꯣꯜ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

SANPU ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯅꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯍꯪꯂꯤ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯅꯤꯡꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ‘ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ’ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯟꯇ ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯀꯗꯕꯥ ꯇꯉꯥꯏ ꯐꯗꯕꯥ ‘ꯍꯥꯔꯗ ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ’ꯅꯤ꯫

一 ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ

ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯟꯗꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯞꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯁꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ω·cmꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯄꯂꯕꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ (Vρ) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯔꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯠꯔꯤꯅꯁꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯒꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫

ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ:

ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯐꯣꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯍꯥꯏ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ. 10^15 Ω·cm): ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ "ꯏꯅꯁꯨꯂꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯖ" ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯀꯔꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯂꯣ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ. 10^3 Ω·cm): ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯋꯥꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ "ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯖ" ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯀꯔꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ.

ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯜꯗꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ​​ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯖꯗ-ꯁꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯐꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯤꯔꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ "ꯏꯁꯨꯂꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯖ" ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ꯫

2. ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ? ꯀꯣꯔ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ

1. ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤꯒꯤ "ꯒꯥꯔꯖꯤꯌꯥꯟ": ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ, ꯁꯣꯔꯠ ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯗꯥꯎꯟ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ-ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯚꯣꯜꯇ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯅꯥꯔꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯡ: ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯚꯦꯍꯤꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯄꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯚꯣꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯇ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ, ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯍꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯐꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯣꯕꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯏꯅꯁꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯔ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯂꯣ ꯚꯣꯜꯇ ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯁꯤꯅꯥꯔꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯣꯕꯥꯏꯜ ꯐꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯦꯌꯔꯑꯦꯕꯜ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯣ ꯚꯣꯜꯇ ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯏꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ, ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯁꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯐꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯔꯠ ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯩ ꯆꯥꯀꯄꯁꯨ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯚꯔꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟ : ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ (ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤ.ꯏ.ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ) ꯄꯥꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯖꯔ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯅꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟꯅꯤ꯫

2. ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ "ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯥꯏꯖꯔ": ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯕꯥ

ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯗ ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯏꯛꯕꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇ (꯵ꯖꯤ ꯕꯦꯖ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯚꯔꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ)ꯗꯥ, ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯐꯣꯝ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯜꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯂꯛꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ ꯀꯔꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯀꯟꯖꯨꯝ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ "ꯗꯥꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯁ" ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫

ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯟꯌꯨꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯇꯣꯛ: ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯂꯛꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯁꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯟꯌꯨꯑꯦꯁꯟ, ꯊꯦꯡꯊꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯜ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯇꯣꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯂꯛꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯥ ‘ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯄꯔꯦꯟꯇ’ ꯏꯅꯁꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

3. ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯃꯊꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ "ꯃꯤꯔꯔ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯨꯊ": ꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯀꯟꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ

ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯏ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯖꯖ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯨꯡꯗꯣꯛꯠꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯑꯣ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯏꯝꯞꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯀꯦꯇꯔ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯏꯝꯞꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯤꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯀꯟꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯨꯔꯦꯟꯁ: ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯕꯦꯆ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯆ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯆꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫

3. ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯒꯅꯤ? ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯔ ꯈꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯄꯁꯤꯡ

ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:

ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯅꯥꯔꯤꯑꯣꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯏꯅꯁꯨꯂꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯥꯀꯎ:

  Strict level (high pressure, high frequency): high performance closed cell foam with volume resistivity>10^14 Ω·cm ꯈꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

  Standard level (consumer electronics, conventional sealing): volume resistivity>10^12 Ω·cm ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯖ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯅꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯪꯕꯤꯌꯨ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯨꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ

ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ:

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ASTM D257) ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧ꯫

ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ (ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯨꯃꯤꯗꯤꯇꯤ)ꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯪꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯖꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ:

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯁꯤꯃꯨꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯆ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯌꯨꯔꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫