ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯐꯣꯝ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ .
| ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ . | ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯐꯣꯝ ꯁꯤꯠ | ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯅꯦꯁ . | ꯵-꯱꯰꯰ ꯁꯣꯔ ꯁꯤ . |
| ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯂꯛꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯡꯊ . | 107–1011ω/ꯁ꯭ꯛꯕ꯭ꯌꯥꯔ . | ꯃꯆꯨ | ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ/ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦ |
| ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ . | ꯐꯣꯝ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯴. | ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯣ.ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. | ꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯱꯰꯰ꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯕꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡ . |
| ꯄꯥꯛꯄ |
꯰.꯵-꯱.꯲ꯑꯦꯝ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ . |
ꯂꯤꯗ ꯇꯥꯏꯝ | ꯊꯕꯛ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯵-꯱꯵ꯅꯤ |
| ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕ |
ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ<20m |
ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ |
ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ;ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯂꯀꯥꯂꯤ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ,ꯑꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ/ꯒꯨꯗ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯡ |
| ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ . | ꯰.꯸-꯵꯰ꯃꯤ.ꯃꯤ. | ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ . |
ꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯏꯅꯁꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ, ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ, ꯅꯣꯡꯂꯩ-ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯅꯥꯔꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ . |

ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯃꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ
✅ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ: ꯱꯰ .7–1010ω/ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ.(ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯗꯤ.꯲꯵꯷) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫
✅ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯂꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁ: -꯵꯰ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯒꯤ +250 ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ
✅ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ .

ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ .
✅ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯐꯣꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯇꯔꯞꯔꯨꯐ ꯑꯣꯏ , ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯔꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯛꯕꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯦꯠꯔꯣꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫
✅ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯐꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯖꯣꯟ, ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯉꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯂꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩ, ꯆꯍꯤ ꯌꯥꯃꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯅꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ-ꯇꯥꯔꯝ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤ꯫


ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ
✅ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯅꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ Si-O ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ C-C ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ (ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖꯔ)ꯗꯥ, ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯦ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯦ꯫
✅ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯦꯟ ꯆꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯕꯜ ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥꯚꯥꯏꯑꯣꯂꯦꯠ ꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯖꯣꯅꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯀꯃꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯚꯣꯜꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯀꯔꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫
ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ,pls ꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯚꯤꯗꯤꯑꯣ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ
ꯁꯥꯅꯄꯨ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯀꯣꯡ, ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗꯅꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯕꯤ.ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯱꯰ꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯐꯨꯖꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯒꯨꯇꯥꯏ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁ ꯀꯣ., ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍ꯭ꯌꯥꯡꯖꯧ ꯁꯥꯟꯄꯨ ꯔꯕ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯣ., ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯖꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯚꯦꯟꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯇꯤꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱꯶ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫
ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯟꯃꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯇꯤ, ꯐꯨꯖꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕꯤꯟꯁꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯌꯨ.꯲꯰ ꯂꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯕꯥꯔ ꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯸꯰꯰꯰ꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯁꯣꯞ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯥꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯌꯥꯟ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯵꯰ ꯊꯥꯗꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤ ,ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯄꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫

ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ .
ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ .
ꯆꯍꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁ .
ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱꯶ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯔꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯏ.
ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯥ
ꯑꯃꯥ{0}}ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ
ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯀꯣꯚꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ
ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ
Down-ꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯧꯈꯠꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ-ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ

ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠ (ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯐꯣꯝ)

ꯚꯤ-꯰ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ

ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦ.

ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠ (ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯖ)

ꯔꯤꯆ ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯠ

ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯖꯤ.ꯕꯤ.
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤ & ꯀ꯭ꯕꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇ
Down-ꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯧꯈꯠꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ-ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ



ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦ.ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ.
ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯑꯗꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔ, ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯡ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯥꯔꯗ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯔꯥ?
ꯎ:ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍ꯭ꯌꯥꯡꯖꯧ ꯁꯥꯟꯄꯨ ꯀꯣ.,ꯂꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒꯨꯇꯥꯏ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ.ꯇꯤ.ꯗꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯖꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ꯀꯣꯔ ꯇꯤꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱꯶ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯔꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫
ꯋꯥꯍꯪ : ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯎ: ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ : ꯅꯣ. 18 ꯒꯣꯡꯒ꯭ꯌꯦ ꯁꯥꯎꯊ ꯔꯣꯗ, ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯁꯤꯖ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯏꯀꯣꯅꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯖꯣꯟ, ꯅꯤꯡꯍꯨꯌꯥ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯤ, ꯁꯥꯅꯃꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯇꯤ, ꯐꯨꯖꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯚꯤꯟꯁꯅꯤ꯫
ꯍꯠ ꯇꯦꯒꯁ: ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯖ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯃꯦꯠ, ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯖ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯃꯦꯠ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤ
